How credible is smiths hypothesis concerning monastic inves essays

How sound is smiths theory concerning devout inves expositions How sound is smiths theory concerning devout interest in horticulture? Use contextual analyses to help your answer. Smiths theory is by all accounts that in the conditions of the thirteenth century being a period of rising creation where a medieval response happened, the Benedictines put beneficially in horticulture and were pioneers of agribusiness. Be that as it may, Smith never portrays or presents his thoughts as a theory and in this way leaves some uncertainty with respect to what his speculation is. Thus it might be increasingly reasonable to break down and survey the believability of smiths thoughts concerning interest in horticulture. A subsequent admonition is that Smiths thoughts are not essentially about ascetic venture but instead about the connection between Benedictine cloisters, agribusiness and the economy. The believability of Smiths thoughts in this way relies generally upon whether medieval agrarian life and economy is as he proposes. In his investigation of Canterbury Priory Smith refers to various highlights and attributes of the religious community and the economy which bolsters his essential contention. The way that the Priory was significantly paying off debtors when Henry of Eastry took up the priorate however figured out how to free the entirety of its obligations by the end from his residency underpins this thought in two different ways. Obligation would have gone about as a motivator to utilize assets profitably and the way that the obligation was cleared recommends that cash was coming in. Maybe the key point in this period on the side of Smiths thought is the rising cost of corn, something which the convent approached in wealth. Plainly this ascent in costs matched with the progress back to demesne cultivating, giving the nunneries far more prominent command over creation and utilization of horticulture. These arrangement of situation recommend that not exclusively may the religious communities like to make a benefit from farming but on the other hand were undeniably positioned to do as such. ... <!

Social Media Platforms Effects on Social identity

Internet based life Platforms Effects on Social character Online life stages over the web have conceivably significant impacts on the production of social personality of present day age. Character alludes to a socially developed property of self-idea as it is spoken to the outside world. The arrangement or development of personality is an interesting practice in everybody’s life, since it is one of the courses through which we can discover our place in our societies and among other people.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Social Media Platforms Effects on Social character explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it would be watched, the change of this significant social idea in the contemporary world is being directed in new and much increasingly worldwide methodologies. In this time of web innovation, people are getting familiar with utilizing different web based life sites day by day, where they invest a lot of energy discussing themselves, the individuals they know, and their inclinations , among other noteworthy parts of their lives. The web based life, whose compass and impact is worldwide, is one of the most well-known roads that are utilized to shape and upgrade the idea of character these days. This paper looks at the courses through which we can utilize portable and web innovations to make our personalities. There is no uncertainty that web based life has managed individuals a significant chance to build up an obvious, solid record of themselves through intuitive advanced stages (Rettberg 2009). This mainstream pattern of innovation isn't just contribution the very apparatuses that are expected to build our personalities, yet it likewise gives a premise whereupon portrayals about ourselves can be advanced. Social distinguish development occurs while individuals are caught up with setting up new networks around themselves over the web, trading various parts of their lives with each other and framing a noticeable profile of themselves for anybody to see. This sel f exposure through close to home website pages assumes a noteworthy job in character development. Purposely or now and again even unconsciously, we will in general give portrayals about ourselves through our exercises in informal communication sites. This for the most part occurs through our opportunity to time discussions with others in informal communication destinations, for example, Facebook and Twitter. Online networking offers a brilliant documenting of our own data as it is posted in our own website pages, therefore making it simple for anybody to understand it and become more acquainted with our identities.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on interchanges media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When we choose to join Facebook, Tumblr, LinkedIn, Twitter, and MySpace among other interpersonal interaction locales, we start by rounding out our profiles to give others a review of what our identity is. A portion of the individual subtleties filled in those formats incorporate, yet are not constrained to, names, sex, age, living arrangement, and national personalities. A few locales may likewise expect us to give our pastimes and interests, in addition to other things. All these data expand our chances of associating with bigger social formats. This is the information fundamentally used to recount to our accounts to the outside world through the long range interpersonal communication sites referenced previously. The formats in the person to person communication locales that typically start with a virtual clear page keep on getting loaded up with everything that intrigues us, yet others also. These substance can incorporate things, for example, photographs and their portrayals, our present mind-sets, our preferred exercises, and status takes care of, in addition to other things that might be of critical importance to our lives. The best thing about numerous informal communication sites is tha t client protection and security have been guaranteed, and individuals can utilize various highlights on the stages to control the activities of their own website pages (Livingstone 2008). In such manner, not everything that we fill in our online networking profiles is obvious to others. Facebook, which has quickly developed as the most speedy methods for social correspondence in the contemporary world, fills in as an ideal case of how web based life assists with making and shape our personalities. On account of its ubiquity and social eminence over the world, Facebook is apparently the most favored internet based life channel. This worldwide notoriety can be affirmed by the way that, Facebook is the social site with the greatest number of clients on the planet today. In the wake of topping off the layouts of our Facebook accounts with understood and express data about ourselves, we kick back and trust that others will remark on the substance. Stories and pictures posted via web-bas ed networking media stages are probably going to pull in a wide range of responses from the individuals who read them. Now and again, posts might be overlooked and gone around, however this relies upon the idea of the posts and the data or message they portray.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Social Media Platforms Effects on Social personality explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from posting pictures and stories on our internet based life pages for others to peruse and react to with applicable input, individuals can likewise utilize the stages to visit with each other legitimately, either through informing or live video talking. The sort of criticism we jump via web-based networking media destinations is a significant component that is vital in helping us decide how we are faring most definitely. While a few people, particularly the individuals who realize us better, may give constructive and fascinating reactions to our divider p ostings, others will in general condemn them in a through and through way. Regardless of the sort of reactions we jump on our posts, they assume a critical job in helping us comprehend what others think about the manner in which we have recounted to our accounts through the web based life. This, in any case, encourages us to settle on better choices on the enhancements that we may need to make with respect to the manner in which we speak to ourselves through long range interpersonal communication destinations. For instance, each positive input on the accounts I post on my Facebook divider causes me to understand that I am not the only one to my greatest advantage. This really gives me certainty to uncover increasingly about myself and the enthusiasm to extend my social limits by joining progressively online social networks. Presentation and revelation are two noteworthy angles that would will in general seriously affect the manner in which we utilize online life to speak to ourselve s. Internet based life opens every one of us to general society, regardless of what our identity is. Despite the fact that youthful clients of the online networking are centered for the most part around self portrayal where they plan to give the best impressions about themselves, it is astonishing to find that numerous simply wind up discoloring their genuine personalities unwittingly. As it would be watched, some interpersonal interaction locales have kept their client age-limitation levels exceptionally low, hence making it simple for minors to join the destinations, without having a superior comprehension of what the internet based life involves. A genuine model here is the Facebook, Inc. which has announced thirteen years as the adequate insignificant age one ought to have achieved so as to have and deal with a Facebook account.Advertising Searching for look into paper on correspondences media? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This doesn't just open minors to the numerous perils of the advanced world, however it likewise offers an open door through which they can distort their actual characters unconsciously. Numerous individuals, particularly the minors, don’t have an ideal comprehension of what web-based social networking can do to their characters, and thus, they wind up uncovering themselves in awful manners. Here and there, we don’t have the smallest thought of how our activities in online life stages can influence our personalities, and this winds up giving an inappropriate image of ourselves. For example, let us take the possibility of ‘Liking’ as it applies on Facebook. Numerous Facebook clients don’t realize that there is something beyond demonstrating others that you are dazzled by their accounts, pictures, or even promotions by preferring them (Zhao, Grasmuck, Martin 2008). In any case, the reality of the situation here is that, by loving somebody’s post, you become some portion of their web-based social networking way of life most definitely. This has the implying that, you will be binds yourself to that individual or whatever they have posted that you have preferred in an increasingly open manner. This can give an off-base impact on someone’s character, particularly if what they have preferred involves a disagreeable message or a lot of qualities that they would not have any desire to partake in. In such manner, it is constantly significant for individuals to attempt to comprehend what something truly implies before they click that catch to communicate their sentiments about it. This guarantees we remain sheltered undoubtedly. Online self-introductions can have genuine ramifications on our characters and that’s why we ought to consistently reconsider before we post things about our lives via web-based networking media (Thompson 2013). This is significant considering the computerized memory related with the online net working. Indeed, character development through web-based social networking is a procedure of obstruction memory-arrangement. The exercises engaged with online character development are led and traded in the idea of advanced innovation. This has the implying that the pictures and stories we post via web-based networking media can be flowed quick on the web, significantly after we have evacuated them. The manner in which we speak to ourselves via web-based networking media talks a ton about our genuine characters, along these lines making it simple for others to comprehend us better. There is no uncertainty that a large number of the best people and associations in the wor

Why Heavy Drinking Can Contribute to Bone Disease

Why Heavy Drinking Can Contribute to Bone Disease Addiction Alcohol Use Print Why Long-Term Heavy Drinking Can Contribute to Bone Disease By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 10, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 13, 2019 Dean Mitchell / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Of all of the effects of long-term heavy alcohol consumption, probably the least known is how heavy drinking can affect bone mass in the body. Research has shown that chronic and heavy alcohol consumption can contribute to decreased bone formation, increased fracture and delays in the healing of fractures, but little research has been done on alcohols effect on new bone development. The development and function of osteoblasts, new bone cells, are at particular risk of alcohols detrimental effects, which can lead to decreasing bone formation and low bone mass. Researchers at the Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center found that chronic and heavy drinking can inhibit the formation of osteoblasts. How Alcohol Affects Bone Remodeling The maintenance of healthy bone in human adults occurs through a process called bone remodeling, said Dennis A. Chakkalakal, a  research scientist at the Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center, associate professor in the department of surgery at Creighton University, and sole author of the review. At any given time during adult life, and in various parts of the skeleton, small portions of the old bone are removed by cells called osteoclasts, and new bone is formed by cells called osteoblasts. In a healthy person, the two activities are in balance so that there is no net loss of bone. However, Chakkalakal reported that chronic and heavy drinking can disrupt the balance by suppressing new bone formation. The empty space created by normal bone-removing activity is inadequately filled by newly formed bone, said Chakkalakal. This process continues at other skeletal sites during the next remodeling cycle. The cumulative effect of this process during several remodeling cycles is manifested as a measurable bone loss over a period of just a few years. Link Between Heavy Drinking and Increased Fracture Risk Key highlights of the Omaha study include: Alcohol-induced bone disease refers to two consequences of chronic alcohol abuse: bone loss (also known as osteopenia), which results in increased fracture risk; and deficient bone repair.Alcohol-induced osteopenia is distinct from post-menopausal osteoporosis and disuse osteoporosis.Human, animal and cell-culture studies show that alcohols toxic effects on osteoblast activity are dose-dependent.Alcohol can suppress the synthesis of an ossifiable matrix, which interferes with fracture healing.The alcohol-induced bone loss is associated with abnormalities of cell dynamics in bone marrow. How Alcohol Affects Osteoblast Activity Collectively speaking, evidence indicates there is a common thread that ties together skeletal abnormalities, such as bone loss and deficient bone healing, and chronic consumption of excessive alcohol, Chakkalakal said. In both cases, alcohol adversely affects osteoblast activity, thus suppressing new bone formation needed in both normal bone remodeling and fracture healing, he said. We need future studies that focus on molecular mechanisms by which alcohol inhibits osteoblast activity. We also need a closer examination of the effects of other factors such as malnutrition, smoking and lack of physical activity as there are very few studies that evaluate the effects of these factors. Finally, we need more definitive, well-designed studies to sort out the age- and gender-related differences in the effects of moderate and excessive consumption of alcohol, Chakkalakal said. Why Abstinence Is the Best for People With Fractures The review underscores the importance of abstinence from alcohol consumption by patients â€" alcoholics or teetotalers â€" with fractures and who may want to drink during their convalescence, said VA Research Career Scientist Terrence M. Donohue, Jr.

Flowers For Algernon Persuasive Essay - 903 Words

Flowers for Algernon Persuasive Essay Before the operation, Charlie Gordon, from Flowers for Algernon, by Daniel Keyes, is happy. He may have a simple, pitiful existence, but he thinks his friends like him, and enjoys being with them and Miss Kinnian at the Learning Center for Slow Adults. However, Charlie wants to be smart, the one dark cloud in his sunny sky of life. Because of this, Charlie volunteers for an operation to triple his IQ of 68. With a high IQ comes awareness of the world around him, so Charlie suddenly becomes conscious of his previously pitiful existence which leads to a slew of feelings such as embarrassment, shame, and superiority. Charlie thinks that becoming smart will make him happy and well-liked, but the operation works the opposite effect. Charlie starts to look down on everyone, and cannot socialize with others because of his IQ. As a result, Charlie becomes almost depressed. His depression deepens when Charlie discovers that his intelligence will not be permanent. Soon, Charlie regres ses to his former childlike mentality. Although at the end of the novel, Charlie does not find himself any worse off after the operation, the few months he spent smarter are not terribly enjoyable for him, and his changing mentality negatively impacts those he is close to, namely Miss Kinnian. Because the effects are not permanent, Charlie would be far better off without the operation. One reason Charlie wanted to be smart was so that he could make moreShow MoreRelatedFlowers for Algernon (Persuasive) Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesSociety has become a shallow place. If an individual does not fit into societies form of the normal person then they are treated differently. But does society treat those who are different in a negative or positive way? In the novel Flowers for Algernon, the author Daniel Keyes shows an in depth look at the treatment of individuals in todays society. Firstly society tends to discriminate against those whose IQ does not fit into the norms of our society. The physically handicapped in todays world

Language And Academic Development And The Effective...

2. What was the background for the research study? That is, what previous knowledge did the author describe as a foundation for the study in the â€Å"review of related literature†? The background for the research study provided insight into the theoretical and pedagogical aspect of using native language (L1) with a focus on the aspects that most relate to adult ESL classes. The areas addressed were both the affective aspects of learning related to bilingualism and academic development and the effective classroom practices. Knowing that individuals organize and learn information by thinking and feeling, teachers need to keep in mind that the emotional self is a strong factor in learning. Native language is an important part of culture and creating opportunities for using L1 might be quite beneficial to learning the target language (TL), in this case English. The nature of bilingualism was addressed and as Huerta-Macias and Kephart cited Cook (1992), â€Å"learners cannot simply shut down their knowledge of one language when using the other.† Adults whose cognitive development exceeds their linguistic ability in the TL may find an English-only class f rustrating. Another important element of the background research was the understanding that adults will learn English differently than students in a K-12 setting. For adults, language is best taught through content, as a tool for communicating and learning. Use of L1 in adult ESL classrooms serves multiple purposes, such asShow MoreRelatedWriting Can Be A Struggle Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents: â€Å"(1) generally, effective practices are likely to be effective with ELs. (2) ELs require additional instructional supports. (3) The home language can be used to promote academic development† (Goldenberg, 2013, p. 5). In this paper, I am going to highlight a few writing best practices that are research based to use within a classroom setting that are particular successful for EL students. Environment The first practice I am going to discuss is creating a classroom community of writers. WritingRead MoreWhat It Takes For English Learners?928 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts that will allow English Learners to become fluent in English. The purpose of this article is to discuss four accessible teaching practices that will allow English Learners in U.S. classroom to become academically successful and attain fluency in English. To clarify, the authors use access, climate, expectations, and language instruction as the practices that will eliminate education inequality and enable students to be able to fully participate in rigorous course work without excluding EnglishRead MoreFinal Paper : Strategies For Success922 Words   |  4 Pagesfor English Learners to Succeed?† is an article written by Jana Echevarria, Nancy Frey, and Doug Fisher that discusses four accessible teaching practices that will allow English Learners in U.S. classroom to become academically successful and attain fluency in English. To clarify, the authors use practices such as access, climate, expectations, and language instruction to eliminate educational inequality and enable students to be able to fully participate in rigorous course work without excluding EnglishRead MoreThe Teaching Concept Of Banking Education1098 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Statement Essay Introduction Effective teachers are able to meet the student’s individual needs by modifying the curriculum, being involved in the community and involving the parents in the student s education. I teach in San Luis, AZ, a community composed mainly of Hispanic families and Spanish is the primary language. In order to build a positive relationship with the community and parents, it is important to understand and implement the culture in the curriculum. Setting an open doorRead MoreExplain The Differences Between Bics And Calp1081 Words   |  5 Pagessecond language acquisition. 3. 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To make this need even more profound, he went on to state that by the year 2026, 1 in 3 students will speak a language other than English as their primary language as there are more foreign born individualsRead MoreThe Theories Of First Language Acquisition Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesFIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (3 points) Explain the three main theories of first language acquisition as we have studied them in this course (do not include Piaget as one of them). What are the limitations of the first two theories? How does the third better reflect the way we understand the acquisition of a first language? The three main theories of first language acquisition we have studied in this course are the following: Behaviorist Theory: States that first language acquisition is the resultRead MoreData Analysis Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesAfter careful data analysis, the need for instructional improvement on strategies to address the needs of English language learners it is apparent. Improving literacy skills is critical in decreasing achievements gaps of this subgroup. As mentioned previously, Pinewood maintains a school grade of a B; nevertheless, a focus on strategies to meet the needs of ELL students will benefit all students. With effort from all stakeholders, a focus on instructional strategies to improve learning of EnglishRead MoreChoosing A English / Language Arts Preparation Programs995 Words   |  4 PagesCandidates in a English/language arts preparation programs are expected to gain knowledge in reading/literacy instruction that has been standardized to include: knowledge of standard-based learning experiences, knowledge of individual and collaborative instruction strategies, kn owledge of how to incorporate language into instruction, and the ability to plan instruction that reflects curriculum integration and interdisciplinary methods (National Council of Teachers of English and National CouncilRead MoreEnglish Language Learners1162 Words   |  5 PagesStrategies for English Language Learners Colorin` Colorado is the premier national bilingual site in the United States for ELL educators, ELL students, and their families. According to an article on the site, â€Å"Mathematical reasoning and problem-solving are closely linked to language and rely upon a firm understanding of basic math vocabulary (as cited by Robertson, 2012).† Her first suggestion for improving ELL student achievement in mathematics is to explicitly teach academic vocabulary. While mathematics

Aqua Fish Canada Inc. Free Essays

Backgrounder The background information relating to the Case Examination (Backgrounder) is provided to candidates in advance of the examination date. The Backgrounder contains information about both the company and the industry involved in the case. Candidates are expected to familiarize themselves with this information in preparation for the analysis that will be required during the Case Examination. We will write a custom essay sample on Aqua Fish Canada Inc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Candidates should note that they will not be allowed to bring any written material, including the advance copy of this Backgrounder, into the examination centre. A new copy of this Backgrounder, together with additional information about the company and a supplement of formulae and tables, will be provided at the writing centre for the Case Examination. Only the following models of calculators are authorized for use during the Case Examination: 1. Texas Instruments TI BA II Plus (including the professional model) 2. Hewlett Packard HP 10bII (or HP 10Bii) 3. Sharp EL-738C (or EL-738) Candidates are reminded that no outside research on the industry related to this case is required. Examination responses will be evaluated on the basis of the industry information provided in the Backgrounder and the question paper (Additional Information). Overview Aqua Fish Canada Inc. (AFC) is a privately owned, Canadian company involved  in aquaculture in the Maritimes. Aquaculture is the cultivation and harvesting of fish in a natural or manufactured environment. Federally incorporated on May 1, 2002, AFC has established a reputation for delivering a quality product – Atlantic salmon – on a timely basis from its profitable fish farms and is a growing, commercial operation. AFC builds and maintains fish farm facilities; hatches, feeds, grows, and harvests Atlantic salmon; and distributes the unprocessed fresh fish mainly to customers in Canada and the northeastern U.S. Company History In early 2002, three Maritimers with backgrounds in the fishing industry (Joel Palango, Wendy Starky, and Jeanne Poirier) decided to search for potential investment opportunities that would help the local Maritime economy. They observed that, with access to plentiful water and site resources, a large workforce with a background in fishing, and governments eager to create employment, the aquaculture industry was growing along the eastern coast of Canada. Although they knew that there would be no revenue until the first fish grew large enough to sell, they were prepared to wait several years to realize a return and they decided to invest in an aquaculture business. Aqua Fish Canada Inc. was incorporated and the first decision made by the three shareholders was to establish an Atlantic salmon aquaculture farm. Guy Mills, an experienced aquaculture executive, was hired to build the business from the ground up. The first farm site was established within six months and operations began in November 2002 with the first spawning of fish. By October 2004, a sufficient number of farmed fish had reached a marketable weight and AFC harvested its first batch of salmon. Over the next five years, the company established three more salmon farm sites in three provinces as shown in Table 1 below. How to cite Aqua Fish Canada Inc., Papers

Psych journal review Essay Example

Psych journal review Essay In completing Part 1 you will: Select a published scholarly article from a set of pre-approved, evidence-based, peer-reviewed Journal articles located in the classroom Resources Folder titled, Evidence-Based Journal Articles and explain why the selected article was of interest to you; Demonstrate knowledge of how to properly cite the selected articles author(s), year of publication, title, and in what Journal it was published, in compliance with PAP formatting rules; Describe the research method used by the selected articles author(s); Summarize the selected articles key points following the assignment instructions; Part 1 Instructions: To avoid point loss, be sure to read all sequentially and carefully and dont Jump ahead to answer questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Psych journal review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psych journal review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psych journal review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From the Resources suborder in the classroom titled, Evidence-Based Journal Articles (access it by first clicking Resources, then clicking this suborder title, select an article from ONE of the folder categories. NOTE: This assignment requires the use of ONE article only. Points possible per assignment section are included below. Your instructor will assign points based on the degree to which your responses are instructions compliant and accurate, and articulated clearly, succinctly and thoroughly (that is, did you answer all parts of each question correctly and with adequate detail), in writing that meets college level communication standards and shows knowledge of the location and content of key article components. All answers must be your original words or paraphrases of material in your selected article or the a violation of the University policy on academic integrity and will void all points for this assignment with no option for revision and submission. Enter your name and tuned ID here: Then respond to the following succinctly and thoroughly in the spaces below. NOTE: You must complete your work in this document, save and attach it to the PSYCHIC Journal Article Review Assignment Part 1 classroom Assignment page; while you may want to do so as a back-up, content pasted into the assignment page Student Comments space cannot be accepted as a substitute for an on-time attachment submission and cannot be graded. Inserting your answers here will change the number of document pages and the location of particular items at the top, middle or bottom of pages. While you may not remove or reorder items or change font size or other content in this document, a document page number increase or an item moving from or to the top, middle or bottom of a page as a result of your response entries directly below each item as required taking more lines in most cases than the small space currently showing is to be expected and is not of concern. ARTICLE IDENTIFICATION 10 points possible NOTE: Both Number 1 and Number 2 below must be completed to earn these points 1 . In the space below explain why you picked the article you selected for this assignment from the classroom Resources folder. Include a description of what about the focus of the article you chose captured your interest and why. I chose Smoking behavior and motivational flexibility in light and heavy smokers, (Darrel Lobe 2012) because I have never understood why people chose to smoke. You know that smoking is bad for your health when you start smoking and you know it is hard to quit so why do people even start smoking in the first place? This article captured my interest because I work with a lot of people that smoke and have been smoking or years and I always wondered what their motivation was to smoke. I have also always wondered if there were certain triggers that caused them to, crave, a cigarette. I think learning why people smoke and what dictates when they do it would be informational. 2. PAP Citation Format Show in the spaces below how you would source credit and reference-list (in PAP formatting style), if you were writing a formal paper, the article you selected in the body of the paper and in a Reference list that would be attached to the end of the paper (for examples of how to correctly source credit in PAP formatting style see the lassoer Resources folder entitled, PAP Formatting Guides): a. I would source credit my selected article in the body of a paper as follows: (Darrel Lobe, 2012, p. B. I would reference-list my selected article in Reference list that would be attached to the end of a paper as follows Darrel, S. Lobe, M. (2012) Smoking behavior and motivational flexibility in light and heavy smokers. Addictive Behaviors. Retrieved from HTTPS://edge. Opus. Du/access/content/group/23259 6/Sample Bebehavior NUDFe: While Part 2 of the Journal Article Review assignment, which is due n Week 6, includes minimum answer length requirements, here no minimum lengt hs are required for the items below because answer length may vary depending on the amount of descriptive detail your selected article includes and your answers will be graded for thoroughness, accuracy and clarity in covering article details. It is expected, however, that none of the following items can be adequately addressed in fewer than 100 words. You answers must be articulated in complete thought sentences and not include lists, bullbilletedms or sentence fragments. ARTICLE SUMMARY 40 points possible 1. Introduction (also referred to as lead-in information) In the space below summarize the key introductory points made in the beginning of your selected article Note: In some articles this information is under the heading Introduction and in others it is not, but every article will contain lead-in introductory information. Some of the key introductory points made in the beginning of this article are all the major disadvantages to smoking. It discusses the negative health and even athletic effects that smoking can be to a smoker. It then tatetastest even though people are well aware of the health risks they are still driven to smoke and many do not quit because of a nicotine addiction. It also discusses some of the triggers that may make people feel as though they need a cigarette right then and now. It also discusses that sometimes smoking is more of a social need for some and not really a craving or addiction. The researchers were also trying to fgurfigure the motivational flexibility that people have in relation to when they smoke. 2. Research Methods a. Describe the research design that your selected articles author(s) used in onduinducting study (Ex: survey or inventory, individual or group interview, case study, laboratory controlled or naturalistic observation). I personally think that the researchers in this article chose surveys as their research design. With the many students they had participate in this study it was easy to them to survey them through an automated system through a survey. They were sent the link to a webpweapon had their participants review their daily cigarette intake and report how many they had every day for two weeks. The students could select how many igarcigarettesy had then they had open ended questions where they could elaborate on it. They reported daily how often they smoked and then they were asked questions about why they smoked or why they chose not to smoke. b. IBentify by name in the space below any specific measures (surveys, inventories, tests, etc. ) used by your selected articles author(s) in the study (Ex: the Psychological Distress Symptom Checklist; the Minnesota MultMultiphasesonality Inventory; the developed by the article author[s]). The researchers in this article chose data coding to help organize their data. They also used a special software called PsycPsychiatry> With this specific measure they were able to help code the motives that people had to smoke and how many cigarettes were associated with the motive daily. It helped to pick out certain reasons that people smoke so that the participants could pick from a category and not have a simple yes/no answer. It was able to track all day-to-day changes in the participants motivation to have a cigarette. It also helped that participants to be able to tell why they chose to not have a cigarette and it displayed that data alongside the data of the smokers of that day. . Describe in the space below characteristics of the participants (sometimes called subjects) involved in the research study conducted by the author(s) of your selected article. Examples of this type of information include: The number of persons who participated; participant demographics (age, gender, race and ethnicity, college or employment status, geographic location); whether participants were paid to participate in the study or if no compensation was provided to them for their participation One hundred willing and volunteering college students participated in the study. All participants were between the ages of 18-28 with the median age being 20. The participants were almost split equally male and female. Many ethnethnicityticipated in the study to include; European American, Asian American/ Pacific Islander, Latino/Hispanic, African American and students that identified themselves as other. So overall the group of students that participated were a wide range of age, gender and ethnicity. The researchers helped to provide better evidence by ensuring that a wide spectrum of students were involved in the study. 3. Findings/Analysis a. Identify in the space below the types of statistical analyses used by the author(s) of your selected article Note: You are likely not at this point in your college career an expert on statistical analyses but dont have to be in order to complete this portion of the assignment which only requires listing them by name. Types of statistical analysis used in this study were: Examining the difference between light and heavy smokers. The factors and motives that lead people to smoke that day Tracking day to day changes between individuals Deciding if a person was a light or heavy smoker based on their baseline of smoking . In the space below, summarize the research findings (often referred to in articles as results) of the study conducted by the author(s) of your selected article. The researchers found that heavy smokers changed their motives for smoking more frequently and almost daily compared to the light smokers. They found that motives can change from day to day for why a person decides to have a cigarette or why they chose not to. They also found that people smoked more during the trial than they motivation for smoking because the participants did not really correlate those with the times they smoked. 4. Conclusion/Discussion Summarize in the space below the conclusions reached by the author(s) of your selected article. Note: These may be found under the heading Conclusion or Discussion or in paragraphs near the end of the article and are based on the research findings of the author(s) of your selected article. The researchers concluded that people usually have many reasons for lighting up a cigarette. They saw that there are many of reasons that people smoke and everyone has their own reason that they smoke and it is not really a standard trigger amongst all smokers. On the other hand daily smokers mostly Just smoke out of habit or ddicdictionthe nicotine. Everything shifted between the participants and really overall was not a very standard or concrete conclusion. They recognized that many of times people smoke are Just out of habit at times such as after a meal or while driving. Further research needs to be conducted into why people choose to engage in unhealthy behaviors in the first place. SPELLING AND GRAMMAR 10 points possible (Nothing to type here. This is an alert to go back and proofread your writing and make any needed corrections before submitting this assignment to avoid the loss of these 10 important points. Tip: Look for basic grammar errors Lex:Leging their when you are talking about one person), misspellings and typos, correctly spelled but incorrectly used words that SpelSpellcheckert catch, sentence fragments that dont state complete thoughts, run-on sentences that should be split into smaller ones or sentences that read awkwardly or dont make sense when you read them aloud, etc. ). Reminder: After you have completed your work, save and attach this document, with your name as part of the document file name, to the Journal Article Review Assignment Part 1 Assignment page.